The article explains how calcium carbonate, a common compound found in the Earth’s crust and in the sea, is used by sea creatures to create various structures such as shells and pearls. Mollusks, like oysters, use proteins and crystal structures to manipulate calcium carbonate and create different types of shells. Nacre, a special form of aragonite, is particularly strong and versatile, and is used by mollusks as a defense mechanism to create pearls.
The article discusses a feud between two brothers in a German town that divided the entire community. The article then explores the minimal group paradigm, a psychological experiment that shows how even arbitrary group distinctions can lead to in-group bias and conflict. The findings suggest that people use group membership to form their sense of identity, which can lead to favoritism towards their own group. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of inclusivity in order to overcome these biases.
Good listening is crucial for improving relationships, developing a broader perspective, and potentially changing people’s minds. It involves showing attentiveness, conveying understanding, and demonstrating a positive intention towards the speaker. Practicing good listening involves removing distractions, avoiding interruptions, asking open-ended questions, showing understanding through summarizing, staying present, embracing silence, and listening even when it’s difficult. Good listening does not necessarily mean agreeing with the speaker, but it creates a non-judgmental and psychologically safe environment for open-mindedness and deeper conversations.
The article discusses the history of the plague, one of the most terrifying and destructive diseases in human history. It explores the iconic image of the European plague doctor and their outfit, which was believed to protect against the spread of the disease. The article also mentions the medical practices used during the plague and highlights the advancements in modern medicine.
Economist Kate Raworth challenges the conventional wisdom of economic growth as a sign of progress. She argues that our addiction to endless economic growth is leading to severe problems and proposes a new model called the Doughnut Model, which emphasizes the balance between meeting the essentials of life and ecological degradation.
The article discusses the birth and construction of the Taj Mahal, a mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. The article explores the architectural design, symbolism, and craftsmanship of the Taj Mahal, as well as its legacy and the final years of Shah Jahan’s life.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to bring significant changes to our lives and the world, but there is uncertainty about how these changes will manifest. Renowned AI expert Stuart Russell highlights the problem of fixed objectives in AI systems, which can lead to unforeseen and harmful consequences. He suggests building AI systems that are aware of their own uncertainty and emphasizes the need to avoid over-reliance on AI to prevent a loss of understanding and knowledge. The arrival of general-purpose AI is a gradual process, and while the timeline is uncertain, it is important to prepare for the profound changes it will bring.
The brain plays a crucial role in the experience of love, from the infatuation stage to the attachment stage. During infatuation, there is increased activation in the reward-processing and motivation hub of the brain, while during attachment, hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin promote feelings of trust and attachment. Heartbreak activates regions of the brain associated with pain and distress, but with time and support, individuals can heal and learn from the experience.
Palmares was an autonomous settlement in northeastern Brazil during the 1600s, founded and led by people escaping from slavery. The settlement reached its peak with a population exceeding 10,000 and was in constant conflict with colonial forces. Despite its eventual downfall, the legacy of Palmares lives on, with thousands of other quilombos (maroon communities) still existing in Brazil today and the Day of Black Consciousness celebrated on November 20th in honor of the leader of Palmares, Zumbi.
The article discusses the art of apologizing and highlights the key elements of a good apology. It emphasizes the importance of understanding and accepting responsibility for one’s actions, even if the mistake was unintentional. The article also suggests reaching beyond a non-apology and making concrete offers of repair to demonstrate remorse and accountability.
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