Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician who lived from around 570 BCE to 495 BCE. He was born on the island of Samos in the eastern Aegean Sea and was the son of a merchant. Pythagoras is best known for his contributions to geometry, particularly his famous theorem that states that the square of the hypotenuse (the longest side) of a right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. This theorem is still widely used today in fields such as engineering and physics. Pythagoras founded a school in the city of Croton in southern Italy, where he taught his philosophy based on the idea that everything in the universe is related to mathematics and numbers. He also believed in the transmigration of souls and that life was a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Pythagoras’ ideas had a significant influence on the development of Western philosophy and mathematics.