On March 17th, A.D. 73, we find ourselves in the heart of ancient Rome, witnessing the vibrant celebration of the Liberalia festival. This annual event honors the liberty of Rome’s citizens, and today, we follow the life of a 17-year-old Roman named Lucius Popidius Secundus. Though not impoverished, Lucius resides in the Subura, a bustling yet modest neighborhood near the city’s core.
Lucius awakens at dawn, ready to fulfill his family duties. Today is particularly significant as his 15-year-old brother reaches a pivotal milestone—coming of age. In ancient Rome, where half of the children did not survive to adulthood, this event is celebrated with great importance. Lucius observes his brother donning a new toga before the household shrine, where he places his bulla, a protective amulet, as a gesture of gratitude for his survival.
At 17, Lucius is nearing the completion of his education. He has mastered the art of public speaking and is proficient in both Latin and Greek. Beyond academics, his father has imparted essential life skills such as running, swimming, and combat. Despite these accomplishments, Lucius is not yet entrusted with business dealings, a responsibility his father will manage until Lucius turns 25. His father is also arranging a future marriage for him with a girl ten years his junior.
As the family steps out to partake in the Liberalia festivities, the streets are alive with activity. Shops are open, and itinerant traders peddle their wares. Although large wagons are restricted until later in the day, the streets remain crowded. Fathers and uncles escort children to the Forum Augustus, where statues of Rome’s legendary figures, such as Aeneas and Romulus, stand proudly. These moments are filled with storytelling, as elders recount tales of Rome’s glorious past, imparting lessons on virtue and resilience.
In A.D. 73, Rome’s empire is vast and ever-expanding. Campaigns stretch from northern England to Romania, and from Syria to Iraq. The sense of history and destiny permeates the air, as Romans believe their empire is eternal, forged through relentless warfare.
As the eighth hour approaches, Lucius and his family make their way to the Campus Martius, home to the grand Baths of Agrippa. Leaving their clients and freedmen outside, they enter the baths with their peers. The Romans have perfected the art of bathing, transitioning from cold to tepid to hot rooms, enhanced by their mastery of window glass. After more than an hour, the bathers emerge, cleansed and invigorated.
Returning home for a celebratory dinner, the family gathers around a low table, attended by slaves who cater to their every need. As the evening progresses, the rumble of wagons fills the air, signaling the end of the day’s festivities. Lucius and his stepbrother, perhaps overindulged, are watched over by a slave, ready to assist if needed.
As the night unfolds, we ponder Lucius’ future. In two decades, Emperor Vespasian’s youngest son, Domitian, will rise to power, ushering in a reign of terror. Will Lucius survive the turbulent times ahead?
Imagine you are Lucius Popidius Secundus or his younger brother. Write a journal entry describing your day during the Liberalia festival. Include details about your morning routine, the significance of coming of age, and your experiences at the festival and the baths. Use descriptive language to bring ancient Rome to life.
Using craft materials, design and create a miniature Roman toga. Research the different types of togas worn by various members of Roman society. Present your toga to the class and explain its significance and the occasions it would be worn.
Create a map of the Roman Empire as it was in A.D. 73. Highlight key regions such as northern England, Romania, Syria, and Iraq. Label important cities and landmarks mentioned in the article. Discuss how the vastness of the empire might have influenced daily life in Rome.
In small groups, reenact the process of visiting the Roman baths. Assign roles such as Lucius, his family members, and slaves. Describe the transition from cold to tepid to hot rooms and discuss the social and cultural importance of the baths in Roman society.
Hold a class debate on the potential future of Lucius Popidius Secundus. Consider the historical context of Emperor Domitian’s reign and the challenges Lucius might face. Use evidence from the article and additional research to support your arguments.
Ancient – Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence. – The ancient Egyptians built pyramids that still amaze people today.
Rome – The capital city of Italy, known for its rich history and ancient civilization. – In ancient Rome, people gathered in the Forum to discuss important matters.
Lucius – A common Roman name, often used in historical texts. – Lucius was a brave soldier who fought for the glory of Rome.
Festival – A special event or celebration, often with music, dancing, and food. – The Roman festival of Saturnalia was a time of joy and merriment for everyone.
Education – The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially in a school. – In ancient Rome, education was important for young boys who wanted to become leaders.
Responsibilities – Tasks or duties that a person is required or expected to take care of. – As a citizen of Rome, you had responsibilities to serve your community and obey the laws.
Empire – A group of countries or regions that are controlled by a single supreme authority. – The Roman Empire was one of the largest empires in history, stretching across Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Baths – Public places in ancient Rome where people would go to bathe and socialize. – The Roman baths were not just for washing; they were also places to meet friends and relax.
Celebration – A joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event. – The celebration of the new year in ancient Rome included feasting and games.
Future – The time yet to come, often considered in terms of possibilities and opportunities. – The decisions we make today will shape the future of our world.
