ClassX Video Lessons Subjects Art Gyotaku: The ancient Japanese art of printing fish – K. Erica Dodge
How often have you heard tales of the one that got away, or the fish that was “this big”? Without photographic evidence, these stories often remain just that—stories. However, long before the invention of the camera, Japanese fishermen devised a unique method to document their impressive catches. This method, known as Gyotaku, has evolved into a celebrated art form.
Gyotaku, which translates to “fish impression,” originated in Japan as a practical solution for fishermen who wanted to record the species and size of their catches. This practice dates back over a century, when fishermen would bring paper, ink, and brushes to sea. They would paint the fish with non-toxic sumi-e ink and press them onto rice paper, creating a print that could be preserved even if the fish was released or sold.
Initially, these prints served purely as records, devoid of any artistic embellishments. It wasn’t until the mid-1800s that details such as the eyes and other features were added to enhance the prints. A notable figure in the history of Gyotaku is Lord Sakai, a nobleman and avid fisherman who commissioned prints of his catches, including a large red sea bream. His interest in Gyotaku helped popularize the art form during the Edo period, with many prints adorning the walls of his palace.
Following the Edo period, the popularity of Gyotaku waned, but it has since experienced a resurgence as a respected art form. Today, Gyotaku is appreciated not only for its historical significance but also for its aesthetic appeal. Many artists have embraced this technique, often learning through trial and error to perfect their craft.
Before creating a Gyotaku print, the fish must be meticulously prepared. The artist places the fish on a hollowed-out surface, spreads its fins, and pins them down to dry. The fish is then cleaned with water to ensure a clear impression.
There are two primary methods for creating Gyotaku prints: the indirect and direct methods. The indirect method involves applying moist fabric or paper to the fish using rice paste. The artist then uses a tompo, a silk-covered cotton ball, to apply ink to the fabric or paper, producing the print. This method requires considerable skill and care to avoid tearing the paper when removing it from the fish.
In contrast, the direct method involves painting directly onto the fish and pressing moist fabric or paper onto it. Both methods result in unique prints, each capturing the dramatic essence of the fish.
Once the print is complete, the artist adds a personal touch by signing it with a chop or stamp, proudly declaring, “The fish was exactly this big!” Today, Gyotaku prints are not only cherished as art but are also believed to bring good luck to fishermen.
Gyotaku stands as a testament to the ingenuity of Japanese fishermen and their desire to preserve the memory of their catches. This ancient art form continues to captivate and inspire, bridging the gap between history and modern artistic expression.
Gather some non-toxic paint, a piece of paper, and a rubber fish model. Paint the fish with the paint and press it onto the paper to create your own Gyotaku print. Try to capture as much detail as possible. Once the print is dry, add details like the eyes and scales with a fine brush or marker.
Work in small groups to research more about the history of Gyotaku. Create a presentation or a poster that includes key figures like Lord Sakai, the evolution of the art form, and its significance in Japanese culture. Present your findings to the class.
Using diagrams and descriptions, compare the indirect and direct methods of creating Gyotaku prints. Discuss the pros and cons of each method and which one you think would be easier or more effective. Share your thoughts in a class discussion.
Create a classroom art gallery featuring Gyotaku prints. Each student can create their own print and write a short description of their process and what they learned about Gyotaku. Display the prints and descriptions around the classroom for everyone to see.
Find a modern Gyotaku artist online and prepare a list of questions about their work and techniques. If possible, arrange a virtual interview or email exchange. Share the artist’s responses with the class and discuss what you learned about the contemporary practice of Gyotaku.
Gyotaku – A traditional Japanese art form that involves making prints of fish using ink and paper. – Example sentence: In art class, we learned how to create gyotaku prints by using real fish and special ink.
Japan – A country in East Asia known for its rich cultural heritage and contributions to art and history. – Example sentence: Japan has a long history of unique art forms, including origami and calligraphy.
Fish – A creature that lives in water and is often used in art to symbolize nature and life. – Example sentence: The artist used a fish as the main subject in his painting to represent the beauty of the ocean.
Art – A way of expressing ideas and emotions through creative activities like painting, drawing, and sculpture. – Example sentence: Art allows people to express their feelings and share their perspectives with others.
Prints – Images or designs transferred from one surface to another, often used in art to create multiple copies of a work. – Example sentence: The museum displayed a collection of prints that showed different styles of Japanese art.
History – The study of past events and how they shape the present and future, often recorded through art and artifacts. – Example sentence: By studying history, we can learn about the cultures and traditions of ancient civilizations.
Technique – A specific way of doing something, especially in art, to achieve a desired effect or result. – Example sentence: The artist used a special technique to create texture in her paintings.
Fishermen – People who catch fish for a living or as a hobby, often depicted in art to show their connection to the sea. – Example sentence: The painting showed fishermen working together to bring in their catch from the ocean.
Aesthetic – A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty in art. – Example sentence: The aesthetic of the sculpture garden was peaceful and harmonious, attracting many visitors.
Legacy – Something handed down from the past, such as traditions, art, or cultural achievements. – Example sentence: The legacy of ancient artists can be seen in the beautiful mosaics and sculptures they left behind.
