Imagine standing on a beach, looking out over the ocean. The waves crash against the shore, and the water stretches out, blue as far as your eyes can see. The sheer scope and size of it all can be overwhelming. But how big is it really? How big is the ocean?
Firstly, it’s important to understand that there is only one ocean, consisting of five component basins that we commonly refer to as the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Arctic, and the Southern. Each of these five, while generally referred to as oceans in and of themselves, are really and truly a part of a single, massive body of water. This one ocean defines the very face of planet Earth.
The ocean covers roughly 71% of our planet’s surface, some 360 million square kilometers, an area in excess of the size of 36 U.S.A.’s. It’s such a vast spread that when viewed from space, the ocean is, by far, the dominant feature of our planet. The ocean currently holds over 1.3 billion cubic kilometers of water. That’s enough water to immerse the entire United States under a body of salt water over 132 kilometers tall, a height well beyond the reach of the highest clouds and extending deep into the upper atmosphere.
With all that volume, the ocean represents 97% of Earth’s total water content. On top of all that, the ocean contains upwards of 99% of the world’s biosphere, that is, the spaces and places where life exists. The immediate world as we know it, indeed the totality of all the living space encompassed by the continents themselves, all of that represents only 1% of the biosphere. The ocean is everything else.
The ocean is physically massive and its importance to life is practically unparalleled. It also happens to hold the greatest geological features of our planet. Here are four of the most notable:
The ocean contains the world’s largest mountain range, the mid-ocean ridge. At roughly 65,000 kilometers long, this underwater range is some 10 times longer than the longest mountain chain found purely on dry land, the Andes.
Beneath the Denmark Strait exists the world’s largest waterfall. This massive cataract carries roughly 116 times more water per second over its edge than the Congo River’s Inga Falls, the largest waterfall by volume on land.
The world’s tallest mountain is actually found in the ocean, hiding in plain sight. While 4200 meters of Hawaii’s Mauna Kea sit above sea level, its sides plummet beneath the waves for another 5800 meters. From its snow-covered top to its silt-covered bottom, this Hawaiian mountain is roughly 10,000 meters in height, dwarfing tiny Everest’s paltry peak by well over a kilometer.
Then, consider the world’s deepest canyon, the Challenger Deep, existing 11 kilometers below the ocean’s surface, some six times deeper than the Grand Canyon. That’s deep enough to sink Mount Everest into and still have over 2.1 kilometers of water sitting atop its newly submerged peak.
The ocean is capital B, capital I, capital G, BIG! It defines our planet, home to the greatest geological features, comprises the largest living space, and accordingly, is home to the greatest numbers and forms of life on Earth. It is practically incomprehensible in scope. But it is not so big, so vast, so extraordinary as to be untouchable.
In fact, with roughly 50% of the world’s population living within 100 kilometers of the coastline and with most of the remainder living close enough to lakes, rivers, or swamps, all of which ultimately lead to the ocean, virtually every single person on the planet has the opportunity to influence the general health and nature of the world ocean. Evidence of human influence is seen in every part of the ocean, no matter how deep, no matter how distant. The ocean defines our planet, but, in a very real sense, we define the ocean.
Using a world map, identify and color the five ocean basins: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern. Label each basin and write a short paragraph about one interesting fact you learned about each one from the article.
Create a 3D model using clay or playdough to represent the volume of water in the ocean compared to the volume of water on land. Use different colors to distinguish between ocean water and freshwater. Present your model to the class and explain the significance of the ocean’s volume.
Design a poster that highlights the four major geological features mentioned in the article: the mid-ocean ridge, the Denmark Strait waterfall, Mauna Kea, and the Challenger Deep. Include images, descriptions, and interesting facts about each feature.
Participate in a classroom debate on the topic: “Human activities have a significant impact on the health of the ocean.” Research and prepare arguments for both sides of the debate, using information from the article and additional sources. Present your arguments and listen to your classmates’ points of view.
Develop a personal or group plan for how you can help protect the ocean. Include actions you can take in your daily life, such as reducing plastic use, conserving water, and participating in local clean-up events. Share your plan with the class and discuss how small actions can make a big difference.
Understanding – the ability to comprehend or grasp the meaning or significance of something –
Example sentence: Having a deep understanding of the subject matter is crucial for success in this field.
Ocean’s – belonging to or related to the ocean –
Example sentence: The ocean’s vastness and beauty never cease to amaze me.
Size – the extent or dimensions of something –
Example sentence: The size of the building is impressive; it can accommodate thousands of people.
Scope – the extent or range of something –
Example sentence: The project’s scope is much larger than anticipated, requiring additional resources.
Important – having great significance or value –
Example sentence: It is important to prioritize your tasks to ensure efficient time management.
One – the number corresponding to the integer 1; being a single unit or individual –
Example sentence: He was the only one who understood the complexity of the problem.
Massive – extremely large or substantial in size or degree –
Example sentence: The elephant’s massive size is awe-inspiring.
Dominant – exercising control or influence over others; most prominent or powerful –
Example sentence: The dominant player on the team led them to victory.
Geological – relating to the study of the Earth’s physical structure and substance –
Example sentence: The geological survey revealed interesting rock formations in the area.
Influence – the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something –
Example sentence: Her positive attitude had a significant influence on the team’s morale.
