Despite the ongoing violence and conflicts around the world, such as the brutality of ISIS, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the persistent Israeli-Palestinian tensions, there is a surprising trend that suggests war might be becoming less common. While it may seem counterintuitive, data indicates that we are living in one of the most peaceful periods in human history. How is this possible?
As of September 2014, there were four conflicts worldwide that had resulted in at least 10,000 deaths since January 2013. Additionally, nine conflicts had caused more than 1,000 deaths, and thirteen had resulted in over 100 fatalities. Although these numbers are alarming, it’s important to note that none of these conflicts are active wars between countries. Instead, they are primarily civil wars or local disputes. While civil wars are devastating, their impact is generally less severe than wars between nations or empires, which can mobilize larger forces and resources.
The transition from wars between nation-states to civil conflicts is largely attributed to the end of colonialism and the Cold War. The conclusion of the Cold War removed a significant driver of armed conflicts, although it also exposed new tensions, leading to civil wars in newly independent states. By 1990, nearly all former colonies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America had gained independence, marking a significant shift in global dynamics.
Some argue that today’s multinational corporations exploit developing countries similarly to colonial powers. However, historical examples, such as the Belgian colonization of Congo, reveal the extreme brutality of colonialism. From 1885 to 1908, the Congolese population suffered immense violence and exploitation, resulting in the deaths of approximately 10 million people. While economic exploitation persists today, it is not as severe as the colonial era, which ended just two generations ago.
Several factors contribute to the decline in wars between nation-states:
While the current trend is promising, it’s uncertain whether this peace will last. Historically, there have been one or two major wars per century. If we can avoid a major war in the next 75 years, we might confidently say that humanity is changing for the better. Despite ongoing conflicts, the overall trend is positive, and we can further improve the situation by advocating for peace and democracy.
In conclusion, while conflicts persist, the world is becoming more peaceful. By understanding the factors contributing to this trend, we can continue to work towards a future where war is a relic of the past.
Research a current conflict that is ongoing in the world today. Prepare a short presentation that includes the causes of the conflict, the parties involved, and the impact on the local population. Share your findings with the class to enhance understanding of global issues.
Participate in a class debate on whether globalization contributes to world peace. Divide into two groups, with one arguing that globalization promotes peace through economic interdependence, and the other arguing that it can lead to exploitation and conflict. Use evidence from the article and additional research to support your arguments.
Create a timeline that highlights major wars and peace treaties from the 20th century to the present. Include key events such as the end of colonialism, the Cold War, and significant peace agreements. This will help visualize the shift from international wars to civil conflicts and the overall trend towards peace.
Engage in a role-playing activity where you simulate international negotiations to resolve a hypothetical conflict. Assign roles such as diplomats, mediators, and representatives from conflicting parties. Focus on finding peaceful solutions and understanding the complexities of international diplomacy.
Write an essay discussing whether you believe lasting peace is possible, based on the trends and factors outlined in the article. Consider the role of democratization, globalization, and changing attitudes towards war. Reflect on what actions individuals and nations can take to promote peace.
Peaceful – Free from disturbance; tranquil, especially in the context of societal or international relations. – The peaceful resolution of the conflict was achieved through diplomatic negotiations and mutual understanding.
Conflicts – Serious disagreements or arguments, typically protracted, often involving nations or groups within a society. – The conflicts between the two countries were rooted in historical territorial disputes and cultural differences.
Colonialism – The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. – The impact of colonialism is still evident in many African countries, affecting their political and economic structures.
Globalization – The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale, affecting cultural, economic, and political dynamics. – Globalization has led to increased cultural exchange but also raised concerns about the loss of local traditions and identities.
Democratization – The transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. – The democratization of Eastern Europe in the late 20th century marked a significant shift towards more open and participatory political systems.
Civil – Relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or ecclesiastical matters. – The civil rights movement in the United States was a pivotal period in the struggle for racial equality and justice.
Wars – Conflicts between different countries or different groups within a country, involving organized use of weapons and physical force. – The world wars of the 20th century had profound effects on global politics and society, reshaping national boundaries and alliances.
Exploitation – The action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work, often seen in economic and social contexts. – The exploitation of natural resources in developing countries often leads to environmental degradation and social unrest.
Independence – The fact or state of being independent, especially in terms of political sovereignty and self-governance. – The independence movement in India was marked by nonviolent resistance and led to the end of British colonial rule in 1947.
Attitudes – A settled way of thinking or feeling about something, often reflected in a person’s behavior, particularly in social and cultural contexts. – Changing attitudes towards gender roles have significantly influenced social policies and workplace dynamics in recent decades.
