ClassX Video Lessons Youtube Channel Smile and Learn English The Cell: Definition, structure and its parts – Prokaryotic and eukaryotic: animal and plant
A cell is the tiniest building block of life in all living things. They’re so small that we can’t see them without a microscope. Even though cells can look different and do different jobs, they all have an outer layer and a watery inside where tiny parts called organelles are found. Cells are alive and do many important tasks like eating, growing, and making energy. They can even control how they grow and divide to make new cells.
Living things can be made of just one cell or many cells. If an organism has only one cell, like bacteria, it’s called unicellular. These are usually very tiny. If an organism has lots of cells, like trees, animals, and humans, it’s called multicellular. These organisms are usually much bigger.
Cells come in two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, have their DNA floating around inside because they don’t have a nucleus. The DNA holds all the instructions for the cell. The cytoplasm is a thick liquid inside the cell where organelles are found, and the cell membrane surrounds the cell, keeping it safe and letting food in and waste out.
In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found in a part called the nucleoid. Some of these cells have a flagellum, which is like a tiny tail that helps the cell move around. For example, sperm cells use flagella to swim.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, which is like a control center protected by a membrane. Inside the nucleus, you’ll find DNA. Eukaryotic cells can be either animal or plant cells.
Animal cells are the building blocks of tissues and organs in animals and humans. Each cell has a special job depending on where it is in the body. The nucleus is in charge of everything the cell does and keeps the DNA safe. When animals have babies, they pass on their DNA, so the babies look like their parents. The cell membrane protects the cell and controls what goes in and out. The cytoplasm is where organelles like mitochondria are found, which make energy for the cell.
Plant cells are found in things like trees, flowers, and vegetables. They can make their own food through a process called photosynthesis. The nucleus in plant cells also controls what the cell does and keeps the DNA safe. When plants reproduce, they pass on their DNA to new plants, so they look similar. Plant cells have a cell membrane and a tough cell wall that gives them shape and support. They also have chloroplasts, which are organelles that help with photosynthesis and give plants their green color.
Now you know all about the amazing world of cells and how they work in both animals and plants!
Create a 3D model of a cell using everyday materials. Choose either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, and label each part. This will help you visualize the structure and function of different cell components.
Make a chart comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Include details about their structures, functions, and examples of organisms. This activity will reinforce your understanding of the differences and similarities between these cell types.
If possible, use a microscope to observe real cells. Look at samples of plant and animal cells, and try to identify the nucleus, cell membrane, and other organelles. This hands-on activity will give you a closer look at the cells you learned about.
In groups, act out the roles of different cell organelles. Each student can represent an organelle and explain its function within the cell. This interactive activity will help you remember what each part of the cell does.
Write a short story from the perspective of a cell. Describe a day in the life of either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, including its interactions and functions. This creative exercise will help you apply your knowledge in a fun way.
Sure! Here’s a sanitized version of the provided YouTube transcript, removing any unnecessary elements while retaining the essential information:
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A cell is the smallest unit of life in living organisms. Cells are so small that we cannot see them with our naked eyes. They have different structures and functions, but all are made up of an outer coating and a water-based interior where organelles are found. Cells are alive and perform various functions, including nutrition, energy transformation, structural changes, growth, and mitosis. They can control their own growth and division.
Organisms can be classified as unicellular or multicellular, depending on the number of cells they consist of. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, are very small and consist of only one cell. Multicellular organisms, like trees, animals, and humans, are made up of a large number of cells.
Based on their structure, cells are grouped into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells have DNA, the genetic material, floating in the cytoplasm instead of being stored in a nucleus. Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells. The cytoplasm is a thick solution found inside the membrane, where organelles are located. The membrane surrounds and protects the cell from the outside environment, allowing food in and releasing waste substances.
The nucleoid is the part of the cell where DNA is found. DNA is formed by genes, which store the genetic information of a living being. The flagellum, found in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, is a lash-like appendage that allows a cell to move; for example, sperm cells move via flagella.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus protected by a membrane, and DNA is found inside these cells. Eukaryotic cells can be plant or animal cells. Animal cells make up tissues, which form organs in the animal and human body. Each cell has a specific function depending on the organ system it belongs to.
In animal cells, the nucleus is responsible for all cell functions, and DNA is stored there. When animals reproduce, genetic material is passed on to their offspring, resulting in young animals having similar characteristics. The membrane protects the cell and regulates the intake of food and the release of waste. The cytoplasm is a thick solution where organelles are located, and mitochondria are the organelles responsible for producing energy in the cell.
Plant cells, which include trees, flowers, vegetables, and fruits, are also eukaryotic. They are responsible for the growth cycle and can produce their own food through photosynthesis. The nucleus in plant cells also controls cell functions and stores DNA. When plants reproduce, genetic material is passed to new plants, ensuring they have similar characteristics. The membrane surrounds and protects the cell, while rigid cell walls provide structural support. Chloroplasts are organelles that produce and store essential chemical components, such as chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis.
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Cell – The basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms. – Example sentence: Every living thing, from the tiniest bacteria to the largest whale, is made up of cells.
Organism – A living thing that can carry out life processes independently. – Example sentence: A single tree is an organism that can produce its own food through photosynthesis.
Unicellular – Consisting of a single cell. – Example sentence: Bacteria are unicellular organisms that can be found almost everywhere on Earth.
Multicellular – Consisting of many cells. – Example sentence: Humans are multicellular organisms with complex body systems.
Prokaryotic – Describing cells that do not have a nucleus. – Example sentence: Prokaryotic cells, like those of bacteria, are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic – Describing cells that have a nucleus. – Example sentence: Plants, animals, and fungi are made up of eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus – The part of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material. – Example sentence: The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell, directing all its activities.
DNA – The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. – Example sentence: DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and determines the traits of an organism.
Cytoplasm – The jelly-like substance inside a cell that holds the organelles. – Example sentence: The cytoplasm helps to support and protect the cell’s organelles.
Photosynthesis – The process by which plants use sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water. – Example sentence: Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth because it provides oxygen and food for other organisms.
