Tuberculosis, or TB, is a disease that can spread easily from person to person. Even though doctors and scientists have made many discoveries to fight diseases, TB still affects millions of people around the world. Let’s learn more about what causes TB, its symptoms, and how we can prevent it.
Tuberculosis is caused by tiny germs called *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. These germs can float in the air when someone with TB coughs or sneezes. If you breathe in these germs, they can get into your lungs and start an infection.
When TB germs enter the lungs, our body tries to fight them off. Special cells called macrophages work to destroy the germs. Most of the time, our immune system can handle it. But if someone has a weak immune system, maybe because of another illness like HIV or not eating well, the germs can grow and cause more problems in the lungs.
TB can make people feel very sick. Some of the symptoms include:
– Strong chest pain
– Coughing up blood
– Difficulty breathing because of low oxygen
– Losing weight and not feeling hungry
– Pain in the back or stomach
– Fever and sweating at night
In very serious cases, TB can even affect the brain.
TB is contagious, which means it can spread from one person to another. But not everyone who breathes in TB germs will get sick. There are two types of TB:
1. **Latent TB Infection**: People have the germs in their body but don’t feel sick and can’t spread it to others.
2. **TB Disease**: People feel sick and can spread the germs to others.
There are several ways to help stop TB from spreading:
– **Avoid Close Contact**: Stay away from people who have active TB.
– **Eat Healthy Foods**: Eating fruits and vegetables can help keep your immune system strong.
– **Practice Good Hygiene**: Wash your hands often and keep your surroundings clean.
– **See a Doctor**: If someone shows signs of TB, they should visit a doctor to get checked and treated.
The World Health Organization (WHO) says that about one-quarter of people around the world have TB germs in their bodies, but only a few will get sick. In 2018, around 10 million people got sick with TB, but only 7 million were diagnosed and treated. This shows that many people with TB are not getting the help they need. The goal is to end TB by 2030, making it a disease of the past.
By learning about TB and taking steps to prevent it, we can help reduce its impact on our communities.
Germ Detective: Become a germ detective and explore how germs spread. With a parent or teacher, sprinkle a little glitter on your hands to represent germs. Now, shake hands with a friend or touch different objects around you. Observe how the “germs” spread. Discuss how this activity relates to how TB germs can spread from person to person. What are some ways you can prevent the spread of germs in your daily life?
Immune System Superheroes: Draw a picture of your immune system as a team of superheroes fighting off TB germs. Think about what special powers each superhero might have to protect your body. For example, macrophages could be superheroes that capture and destroy germs. Share your drawing with your classmates and explain how your immune system superheroes work together to keep you healthy.
Healthy Habits Challenge: Create a chart to track your healthy habits for a week. Include activities like eating fruits and vegetables, washing your hands, and getting enough sleep. At the end of the week, discuss with your family or class how these habits can help strengthen your immune system and prevent illnesses like TB. What new healthy habit would you like to try next week?
