ClassX Video Lessons What is the ‘self’? The 3 layers of your identity. | Sam Harris, Mark Epstein & more
In Western cultures, self-identity is often seen as something unique and central to who we are, much like the pit of an avocado. This core represents our essence, and there’s a strong focus on expressing our individuality. People in the West often feel pressure to stand out and be different, which can lead to anxiety. Every decision feels significant, as if it defines who we are. This constant need to showcase our true selves can feel like a burden, trapping us in a cycle of self-definition.
On the other hand, many Asian cultures embrace a concept known as the “flexi-self.” Here, the focus is more on duty and interdependence rather than individual rights. While people are still unique, there’s less emphasis on highlighting these differences. Choices are often about fulfilling responsibilities, like caring for elderly parents, which is seen as a duty rather than a personal expression. This perspective can be freeing, as it removes the pressure to have every action reflect one’s inner self.
Michael Puett challenges the Western idea that being a good person means discovering and staying true to one’s “natural self.” He suggests that this belief can be limiting, as it often traps people in repetitive emotional patterns based on past experiences. Instead of seeking a fixed identity, Puett encourages us to recognize and change these patterns. The aim is to lead a flourishing life by breaking free from harmful habits and fostering healthier relationships.
Mark Epstein discusses the Buddhist concept of egolessness, which is often misunderstood. Contrary to the idea that Buddhism seeks to eliminate the self, Epstein explains that the ego is an essential part of our identity. However, it can also lead to fear and isolation if taken too seriously. Our sense of self isn’t as fixed as we might think; it’s shaped by our experiences and interactions. A mature understanding of the self involves recognizing its fluid nature and the limitations of a rigid ego.
Sam Harris explores the complexities of consciousness, highlighting its subjective nature. He argues that while science often focuses on the brain’s physical processes, it misses the qualitative experience of being. Harris suggests that our sense of self—the feeling of being a distinct entity—is an illusion. There’s no single spot in the brain where the self resides; instead, our experiences and emotions come from various processes throughout the brain. This challenges the idea of a stable, unchanging self, suggesting that we are dynamic processes.
Exploring self-identity reveals significant cultural differences in how we perceive ourselves and our responsibilities to others. Western cultures emphasize individuality and the quest for a unique self, while Eastern perspectives often highlight duty and interdependence. Both views offer valuable insights into identity, the role of ego, and the complexities of consciousness. Understanding these diverse perspectives can enrich our appreciation of the human experience and the ongoing journey of self-discovery.
Write a reflective journal entry comparing your personal experiences with the Western and Eastern concepts of self-identity. Consider how these perspectives influence your daily decisions and relationships. Share your insights in a group discussion to explore diverse viewpoints.
Participate in a role-playing exercise where you take on roles that emphasize duty and interdependence, as seen in Eastern cultures. Reflect on how this approach affects your sense of self and decision-making. Discuss how this experience contrasts with your usual perspective.
Engage in a debate on the concept of the “true self” as discussed by Michael Puett. Form teams to argue for or against the idea that seeking a fixed identity is limiting. Use examples from your own life or historical figures to support your arguments.
Participate in a guided meditation session focusing on the Buddhist concept of egolessness. Afterward, write a short essay on how this practice influenced your understanding of the ego and its role in self-perception. Share your thoughts with classmates to gain different perspectives.
Attend a workshop where you explore the complexities of consciousness as described by Sam Harris. Engage in activities that challenge your perception of a stable self. Reflect on how these insights might change your understanding of personal identity and share your reflections in a group setting.
Self-identity – The recognition of one’s potential and qualities as an individual, especially in relation to social context. – In his philosophical discourse, he explored how self-identity is shaped by cultural narratives and personal experiences.
Individuality – The quality or character of a particular person or thing that distinguishes them from others of the same kind, especially when strongly marked. – The philosopher argued that true individuality is achieved through the conscious rejection of societal norms.
Flexi-self – A concept in psychology that suggests the self is adaptable and can change in response to different social contexts and experiences. – Her research focused on the flexi-self, examining how individuals adjust their behavior and self-perception in diverse environments.
Duty – A moral or legal obligation; a responsibility that is often discussed in ethical theories. – Kant’s philosophy emphasizes duty as a central component of moral action, independent of personal desires.
Ego – In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the mind that mediates between the conscious and the unconscious and is responsible for reality testing and a sense of personal identity. – Freud’s model of the psyche includes the ego, which balances the demands of the id and the superego.
Consciousness – The state of being aware of and able to think about one’s own existence, sensations, thoughts, and surroundings. – Philosophers have long debated the nature of consciousness and its role in defining human experience.
Perception – The process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment. – The study of perception in psychology examines how our brains construct reality from sensory input.
Relationships – The way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are connected, or the state of being connected. – In existential philosophy, relationships are seen as fundamental to the development of self and meaning.
Experiences – Practical contact with and observation of facts or events that contribute to the formation of knowledge and understanding. – His philosophical inquiry into experiences sought to understand how they shape our worldview and identity.
Interdependence – The mutual reliance between two or more groups, individuals, or things, often discussed in the context of social and ecological systems. – The concept of interdependence is crucial in understanding the interconnectedness of human societies and the environment.
